Laboratory investigation of the effect of using riprap and vegetation on the scour around the bridge abutment

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph. D student of Hydraulic Structures, Water Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Hydraulic Structures, Water Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor of Water Structures, Water Engineering Department, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.

Abstract

One of the most important factors of damage and failure of hydraulic structures is the occurrence of local scouring around them. Scour is a natural phenomenon that occurs due to the flow of water in rivers and streams. If a hydraulic structure such as a bridge pier or abutment is placed against the flow of water, the flow pattern near the structure changes and causes scouring phenomenon locally around these structures.
To control scouring around the bridge abutments, various methods have been proposed, which are generally divided into two categories: flow pattern modification methods and bed protection methods. Among the substrate protection methods that have been examined in this research is the use of riprap and vegetation, because riprap and vegetation are both fully available and inexpensive tools for protecting The base and abutment of the bridge are known to be washed away.
The experiments were carried out in the hydraulics and water structures research laboratory of the water engineering department of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. In this study, two 90-degree rectangular abutment and a rectangular abutment with circular walls were used, both of which are galvanized and 10 cm long, 45 cm high and 6 cm wide was used (the abutment which is perpendicular to the flow was chosen as the width of the abutment). By conducting a long-term test of 12 hours at a flow rate of 34 liters per second for each of the abuments, the equilibrium time was estimated to be 5 hours.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Amir, M. U. A. R., Hashmi, H. N., Baloch, M., Ehsan, M. A., Muhammad, U., & Ali, Z. (2018). Experimental investigation of channel bank vegetation on scouring characteristics around a wing wall abutment. Technical Journal, 23(01), 15-21.                                                         https://tj.uettaxila.edu.pk/index.php/technical-journal/article/download/486/14
Bakhshi, S. (2011). Investigating the effect of geometric shape and vegetation on scour around the support, Master's Thesis, Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology. [In Persian]          
Cardoso, A. H., & Fael, C. M. (2009). Protecting vertical-wall abutments with riprap mattresses. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 135(6), 457-465. ‏ https://doi.org/10.1061/ASCEHY.1943-7900.0000040
Dankoo, A., Yonesi, H., Torabipodeh, H., & Saneie, M. (2022). The effect of pressure flow conditions on bridge pier scour in compound open channels with vegetation. Journal of Hydraulics, 17(1), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.30482/jhyd.2021.304025.1550. [In Persian]         
Dey, S. Barbuiya., & A. K. (2004). Local scour at abutment: A review. Sadhana, 29(5), 449-476. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02703255
Duncan, k., & Nobert, J. (2015). Assessment of the impact of climate change and adaptation strategies on maize production in Uganda. Physics and chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. 93, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2015.09.005
Ebrahimi, N. Gh., Shirdeli, A., Nikkhah Javan, E., & Hosseini, M. (2016). The impact of waterways bed's vegetation on flow hydraulic and bed ‎form. Watershed Engineering and Management, 8(2), 182-192.  https://doi.org/10.22092/ijwmse.2019.118083
Garcia, M. (2008). Sedimentation engineering: processes, measurements, modeling, and practice. American Society of Civil Engineers, 110, 1137. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784408148
Ghisalberti, M. & Nepf, H. M. (2004). The limited growth of vegetated shear layers, Water Resour. Res. 40(7), W07502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002776
Hosein Reza, A. A., Shafai Bejestan, M., Ghomeshi, M., & Fathi Moghadam, M. (2019). Investigation of the effect of six legged concrete (SLC) elements combined with riprap on scour depth at vertical wall bridge abutments. Irrigation Sciences and Engineering (JISE), 42(1), 99-114.                           https://doi.org/10.22055/jise.2017.21193.1524. [In Persian]
Karimaei Tabarestani, M., Azarmidokht, H. R., Zarrati, A. R., & Anvari, S. (2016). Optimum design of Sangchin span using different dimensions of riprap around the bridge abutment with a rectangular section with and without a protective collar. Journal of Hydraulics, 10(4), 51-64.  https://doi.org/10.30482/jhyd.2016.33328. [In Persian]
     Khademi, K. H., Shafai Bajestan, M., & Khozeymehnehad, H. (2014). Laboratory investigation of flow pattern and scour around bridge abutment in case of using attached submerged vane. Irrigation and water engineering, 5(17), 56-66. http://www.waterjournal.ir/article_73368.htm [In Persian]          
      Kumar, V., Ranga Raju, K. G., & Vittal, N. (1999). Reduction of local scour around bridge piers using slots and collars. Journal of Hydraulic Eng, 125(12), 1302-1305. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:12(1302)
Mansoori, M. & Shafai Bejestan, M. (2012). Comparison of the effect of three riprap placement levels on its stability at bridge abutment in a 90 bend based on incipient motion of riprap particles. Knowledge of water and soil, 23(2), 195-204. https://journals.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_115.html. [In Persian]
Melville, B. W., Van Ballegooy, S., Coleman, S. E., & Barkdoll, B. (2007). Riprap size selection at wing-wall abutments. Journal of hydraulic engineering, 133(11), 1265-1269. ‏                                                        https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:11(1265)
Nabeie, F. (2017). The effect of vegetation on the flow structure in a local scour with a semi-elliptical section. Master's Thesis, Department of Water Structures, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology. [In Persian]         
    Naserian, M., & Masjedi, A. (2018). Investigation of Diameter of Riprap around the Bridge Abutment at 180-Degree River Bend. JWSS-Isfahan University of Technology, 21(4), 229-241.                      ‏ http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.21.4.229
Nasiri Dehsorkhi, E. Afzalimehr, H., & Singh, V. P. (2011). Effect of bed forms and vegetated banks on velocity distributions and turbulent flow structure, Journal of Hydrology Engineeringm 16(6), 495-507. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000337
Ortiz, A. C. Ashton, A., & Nepf, H. (2013). Mean and turbulent velocity field near rigid and flexible plants and the implication for deposition. Journal of Geophys. Res. Earth. Surf, 118, 2585-2599. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002858
   Peng, C. C. (2015). Experimental study on the characteristics of scour hole around emergent vegetation with single-density. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.                          https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMEP51C0928P/abstract
Rajabizadeh, Y. (2020). Experimental study the effect of collar in the presence of rigid and flexible vegetation on bridge pier scour. Master's Thesis, Department of Water Structures, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University. [In Persian]
Ramezani, Y., & Ghomeshi, M. (2014). Studying the shear stress of the bed around the bridge abutment in the presence of non-submerged rigid vegetation on the floodplain. Journal of Hydraulics, 9(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.30482/jhyd.2014.7914 [In Persian]
Ramezani, Y., Ghomeshi, M., Musavi Jahrom, H., & Khozeymehnehad, H. (2014). Effect of vegetated floodplain on abutment scour in compound channels. Journal of Water and Soil, 28(3), 503-512. https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v0i0.26239 [In Persian]           ‏
Raudkivi, A. J. (1998). Loose boundary hydraulics, CRC Press, Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/9781003077800/loose-boundary-hydraulics-arved-raudkivi
Shahsavari, H., Khodashenas, S. R., & Esmaili, K. (2021). Investigation of Hydraulic Changes in Flow in Meander Compound Channel with Flexible Submerged Vegetation, Journal of Hydraulics,17(1), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.30482/jhyd.2021.304206.1551 [In Persian]
 Sumer, B. M. & Fredsoe, J. (2002). The meachanics of scour in the marine environment, Adv. Ser. Ocean Engineering, 17. https://doi.org/10.1142/4942
Tavakoli Nezhad Allah Abadi, F., & Mohseni. M. (2021). Experimental Study of Vertical velocity profiles in compound channels with vegetation on floodplains, Journal of Hydraulics, 15(4), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.30482/jhyd.2020.245051.1474 [In Persian]       
Unger, J., & Hager, W. H. (2006). Riprap failure at circular bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 132(4), 354-362. ‏ https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:4(354)
Yagci, O., Celik, M. F., Kitsikoudis, V., Kirca, V. O., Hodoglu, C., Valyrakis, M. & Kaya, S. (2016). Scour patterns around isolated vegetation elements. Advances in Water Resources, 97, 251-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.10.002
Zolghadr, M., Hoseinreza, A., & Safai Bejestan, M. (2021). Bed Stabilization around Abutment Using Combination of Six-Legged Concrete Elements and Pebbles. Ferdowsi Civil Engineering, 33(4), 33-48. https://doi.org/10.22067/jfcei.2021.61563.0 [In Persian]       
Advanced Technologies in Water Efficiency
Volume 2, Issue 3
September 2022
Pages 74-91

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 August 2022
  • Revise Date: 10 October 2022
  • Accept Date: 09 November 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics