Determination of applied water and water productivity in saffron fields in Khorasan Razavi province

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran.

Abstract

Regarding the volume of irrigation water in the agricultural sector, the figures presented in the country are very different and there are serious doubts about their accuracy. Therefore, the main purpose of this research project is direct measurement and irrigation water fields of saffron cultivation under farmers' management. Thus, the volume of water used for saffron production in major cities of Khorasan Razavi province (Torbat-e-Heydariyeh, Zaveh and Gonabad) was measured in 18 questionnaires. The results of field measurements showed that the highest volume of saffron irrigation water belongs to surface irrigation at 4691 cubic meters per hectare and the lowest is related to irrigation with Piflex pipes at 3713 cubic meters per hectare and roll irrigation with irrigation water volume of 3900 Cubic meters per hectare was ranked second. The volume of saffron irrigation water in Torbat-e-Heydariyeh, Zaveh and Gonabad cities was 4974, 4816 and 4517 cubic meters per hectare, respectively. The average yield of saffron in Zaveh and Torbat-e Heydarieh counties was 7.3 kg / ha and in Gonabad county was 5 kg / ha. The highest water consumption efficiency in Zaveh city was 0.001669 kg / m3 and the lowest was related to Gonabad city (0.001076 kg / m3). Application efficiency based on ten-year statistics in Zaveh, Torbat-e Heydarieh and Gonabad counties was 51, 49 and 87%, respectively.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abbasi, F., Sohrab, F., & Abbasi, N. (2017). Evaluation of Irrigation Efficiencies in Iran. Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research, 17(67), 113-120.                https://dx.doi.org/10.22092/aridse.2017.109617 [Persian]    
Abrishami, M.H. (1987). Recognition of saffron. Tus Publications. [In Persian]
Ahmadi, M., Khashei Siuki, A., & Sayyari, M. (2016). Comparison of Efficiency of Different Equations to Estimate the Water Requirement in Saffron (Crocus sativus L. (Case Study: Birjand Plain, Iran)). Journal of Agroecology, 8(4), 505-520. https://dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v8i4.40517 [In Persian]  
 Alizadeh, A., Sayari, N., Ahmadian, J., & Mohamadian, A. (2009). Study for zoning the most appropriate time of irrigation of saffron (Crocus Sativus) in Khorasan Razavi, north and southern provinces. Water and Soil, 23 (1), 109-118. https://dx.doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v0i0.1539 [In Persian]   
Behdani, M.A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., & Koocheki, A. (2008). Evaluation of Irrigation Management of Saffron at Agroecosystem Scale in Dry Region of Iran. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 7(1), 22-25. https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2008.22.25
Fallahghalhary, G., & Ahmadi, H. (2015). The estimation of phenological thresholds of Saffron cultivation in Isfahan province based on the daily temperature statistics. Saffron agronomy and technology, 3(1), 49-65. https://dx.doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2015.9612 [In Persian]
Jafarzadeh, A., Khashei-Siuki, A., & Shahidi, A. (2015). Modeling of climate change effects on saffron water requirement in south Khorasan province by GIS. Journal of Saffron Research, 3(2), 163-174. https://dx.doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2015.292 [In Persian]
Koocheki, A., Moghaddam, P., Fallahi, H., & Aghhavani-Shajari, M. (2016). The Study of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) Replacement Corms Growth in Response to Planting Date, Irrigation Management and Companion Crops. Saffron agronomy and technology, 4(1), 3-18.          https://dx.doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2016.11895 [In Persian]    
Keykhamoghadam, P., Kamgar Haghighi, A., Sepaskhah, A., &  Shahrokh Zand, P. (2013). Determination of Single and Dual Crop Coefficients and Potential Evapotranspiration of Developed Saffron. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 1(1),1–13. http://www.agrimet.ir/article_87663.html [In Persian]  
Mosaferi Zia Al-Dini, H. (2001). The effect of different irrigation regimes on saffron yield. Master Thesis in Irrigation and Drainage. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Persian]
Rajabi, Z., Behyar, M.B., Ghayoor, H.A., Ezatian, V., & Gandomkar, A. (2015). Estimation saffron evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith method and it s Water require in Isfahan province. GeoRes, 30 (1), 239-252. http://georesearch.ir/article-1-658-fa.html [In Persian]    
Sadeghi Tabas, S., Khashei Siuki, A., Pourreza Bilondi, M., & Hashemi, S. (2015). Effects of social, political and economic criteria on optimization of saffron cropping pattern by using shuffled frog leaping algorithm. Journal of Saffron Research, 3(2), 123-133. https://dx.doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2015.289 [In Persian]    
Saffron Strategic Plan Development Committee. (2009). Saffron Strategic Plan. Agricultural Education and Extension Research Organization, Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources of Khorasan Razavi. [In Persian]
 Sepaskhah, A.R., & Yarami, N. (2009). Interaction effects of irrigation regime and salinity on flower yield and growth of saffron. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 84(2), 216-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2009.11512507
Shamsabadi, W., Mohammadian Far, A., & Abdi, S. (2015). Investigation of water consumption efficiency in saffron product (case study of Bakhrez city). The first national conference on agricultural management using the agricultural model. Hamedan. https://civilica.com/doc/478203 [In Persian]  
Yaqobi, F., Jami Al-Ahmadi, M., Bakhshi, M.R., & Sayari Zahan, M.H. (2015). Comparison of technical and economic efficiency indicators of water consumption in wheat and saffron production in Ghaenat city. Journal of Saffron Agriculture and Technology, 3(4), 225 - 237.                https://dx.doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2015.11898 [In Persian]   
 Yarami, N.,  Kamgar-Haghighi, A.A., Sepaskhah, A.R., &  Zand-Parsa, Sh. (2011). Determination of the potential evapotranspiration and crop coefficient for saffron using a water-balance. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,  57(7), 727-740. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2010.485985
Abbasi, F., Sohrab, F., & Abbasi, N. (2017). Evaluation of Irrigation Efficiencies in Iran. Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research, 17(67), 113-120.                https://dx.doi.org/10.22092/aridse.2017.109617 [Persian]    
Abrishami, M.H. (1987). Recognition of saffron. Tus Publications. [In Persian]
Ahmadi, M., Khashei Siuki, A., & Sayyari, M. (2016). Comparison of Efficiency of Different Equations to Estimate the Water Requirement in Saffron (Crocus sativus L. (Case Study: Birjand Plain, Iran)). Journal of Agroecology, 8(4), 505-520. https://dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v8i4.40517 [In Persian]  
 Alizadeh, A., Sayari, N., Ahmadian, J., & Mohamadian, A. (2009). Study for zoning the most appropriate time of irrigation of saffron (Crocus Sativus) in Khorasan Razavi, north and southern provinces. Water and Soil, 23 (1), 109-118. https://dx.doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v0i0.1539 [In Persian]   
Behdani, M.A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., & Koocheki, A. (2008). Evaluation of Irrigation Management of Saffron at Agroecosystem Scale in Dry Region of Iran. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 7(1), 22-25. https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2008.22.25
Fallahghalhary, G., & Ahmadi, H. (2015). The estimation of phenological thresholds of Saffron cultivation in Isfahan province based on the daily temperature statistics. Saffron agronomy and technology, 3(1), 49-65. https://dx.doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2015.9612 [In Persian]
Jafarzadeh, A., Khashei-Siuki, A., & Shahidi, A. (2015). Modeling of climate change effects on saffron water requirement in south Khorasan province by GIS. Journal of Saffron Research, 3(2), 163-174. https://dx.doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2015.292 [In Persian]
Koocheki, A., Moghaddam, P., Fallahi, H., & Aghhavani-Shajari, M. (2016). The Study of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) Replacement Corms Growth in Response to Planting Date, Irrigation Management and Companion Crops. Saffron agronomy and technology, 4(1), 3-18.          https://dx.doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2016.11895 [In Persian]    
Keykhamoghadam, P., Kamgar Haghighi, A., Sepaskhah, A., &  Shahrokh Zand, P. (2013). Determination of Single and Dual Crop Coefficients and Potential Evapotranspiration of Developed Saffron. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 1(1),1–13. http://www.agrimet.ir/article_87663.html [In Persian]  
Mosaferi Zia Al-Dini, H. (2001). The effect of different irrigation regimes on saffron yield. Master Thesis in Irrigation and Drainage. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Persian]
Rajabi, Z., Behyar, M.B., Ghayoor, H.A., Ezatian, V., & Gandomkar, A. (2015). Estimation saffron evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith method and it s Water require in Isfahan province. GeoRes, 30 (1), 239-252. http://georesearch.ir/article-1-658-fa.html [In Persian]    
Sadeghi Tabas, S., Khashei Siuki, A., Pourreza Bilondi, M., & Hashemi, S. (2015). Effects of social, political and economic criteria on optimization of saffron cropping pattern by using shuffled frog leaping algorithm. Journal of Saffron Research, 3(2), 123-133. https://dx.doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2015.289 [In Persian]    
Saffron Strategic Plan Development Committee. (2009). Saffron Strategic Plan. Agricultural Education and Extension Research Organization, Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources of Khorasan Razavi. [In Persian]
 Sepaskhah, A.R., & Yarami, N. (2009). Interaction effects of irrigation regime and salinity on flower yield and growth of saffron. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 84(2), 216-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2009.11512507
Shamsabadi, W., Mohammadian Far, A., & Abdi, S. (2015). Investigation of water consumption efficiency in saffron product (case study of Bakhrez city). The first national conference on agricultural management using the agricultural model. Hamedan. https://civilica.com/doc/478203 [In Persian]  
Yaqobi, F., Jami Al-Ahmadi, M., Bakhshi, M.R., & Sayari Zahan, M.H. (2015). Comparison of technical and economic efficiency indicators of water consumption in wheat and saffron production in Ghaenat city. Journal of Saffron Agriculture and Technology, 3(4), 225 - 237.                https://dx.doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2015.11898 [In Persian]   
 Yarami, N.,  Kamgar-Haghighi, A.A., Sepaskhah, A.R., &  Zand-Parsa, Sh. (2011). Determination of the potential evapotranspiration and crop coefficient for saffron using a water-balance. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,  57(7), 727-740. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2010.485985
Advanced Technologies in Water Efficiency
Volume 2, Issue 1
March 2022
Pages 38-51

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History

  • Receive Date: 22 February 2022
  • Revise Date: 29 March 2022
  • Accept Date: 16 April 2022

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